Dalam belajar bahasa inggris kita pasti kenal yg namanya bentuk aktif dan pasif.
Nah disini saya akan bagikan sedikit info tentang bentuk ini...langsung aja.
Active and Passive Voice
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat Aktif dan Kalimat Pasif
Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal),
aktif dan pasif.
1) Bentuk aktif adalah orang, binatang, atau benda yang
ditunjukkan oleh subjek dikatakan
melakukan sesuatu pada yang lain.
Contoh: Karim killed a
tiger. Karim membunuh seekor harimau
2) Bentuk pasif adalah orang, binatang atau benda dikatakan
menderita sesuatu dari sesuatu yang lain.
Contoh: A tiger was killed by Karim. Seekor harimau dibunuh oleh Karim
Bentuk pasif :
To Be + Past Participle
Aturan-aturan :
a) Kata kerja transitif tidak digunakan dalam bentuk pasif,
kecuali kalau kata kerja itu menggunakan cognate object dalam bentuk aktif.
Aktif : She sang a fine song. Ia menyanyikan sebuah nyanyian yang merdu
Pasif : A
fine song was sung by her. Sebuah nyanyian yang merdu
dinyanyikan olehnya
b) Bilamana kalimat diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, objek untuk
kata kerja aktif menjadi subjek untuk kalimat kerja pasif.
objek untuk kata kerja aktif :
Aktif: Linda can
make tarts. Linda dapat membuat kue tart
Subjek untuk kata kerja pasif :
Pasif: Tarts can be made by Linda
c) Retained object (objek yang tetap dipakai/dipertahankan dalam
pasif)
Dua buah objek dalam kalimat aktif, ketika diubah menjadi
kalimat pasif, masih tetap ada sebuah objek dipertahankan, objek ini dinamakan
retained object. Objek ini mungkin objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif
atau objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif.
Objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize A prize was given him by us
Objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize He was given a prize by us
Berikut contoh-contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat
pasif dalam bentuk tenses :
1) Simple present
Aktif
John
bites Mary
John
doesn’t bite Mary
Does
John bite Mary?
What
does John do?
Who
bites Mary?
Who does
John bite?
|
Pasif
Mary is
bitten by John
Mary
isn’t bitten by John
Is Mary
bitten by John?
What is
done by John?
Who is
Mary bitten by?
Who is
bitten by John?
|
2) Simple continuous
Aktif
John is
biting Mary
John
isn’t biting Mary
Is John
biting Mary?
What is
John doing?
Who is
biting Mary?
Who is
John biting?
|
Pasif
Mary is
being bitten by John
Mary
isn’t being bitten by John
Is Mary
being bitten by John?
What is
being done by John?
Who is
Mary being bitten by?
Who is
being bitten by John?
|
3) Present perfect
Aktif
John has
bitten Mary
John
hasn’t bitten Mary
Has John
bitten Mary?
What has
John done?
Who has bitten
Mary?
Who has
John bitten?
|
Pasif
Mary has
been bitten by John
Mary
hasn’t been bitten by John
Has Mary
been bitten by John?
What has
been done by John?
Who has
Mary been bitten by?
Who has
been bitten by John?
|
4) Present perfect continuous
Aktif
John has
been biting Mary
John
hasn’t been biting Mary
Has John
been biting Mary?
What has
John been doing?
Who has
been biting Mary?
Who has
John been biting?
|
Pasif
Mary has
been being bitten by John
Mary
hasn’t been being bitten by John
Has Mary
been being bitten by John?
What has
been being done by John?
Who has
Mary been being bitten by?
Who has
been being bitten by John?
|
5) Simple past
Aktif
John bit
Mary
John
didn’t bite Mary
Did John
bite Mary?
What did
John do?
Who bit
Mary?
Who did
John bite?
|
Pasif
Mary was
bitten by John
Mary
wasn’t bitten by John
Was Mary
bitten by John?
What was
done by John?
Who was
Mary bitten by?
Who was
bitten by John?
|
6) Past continuous
Aktif
John was
biting Mary
John
wasn’t biting Mary
Was John
biting Mary?
What was
John doing?
Who was
biting Mary?
Who was
John biting?
|
Pasif
Mary was
being bitten by John
Mary
wasn’t being bitten by John
Was Mary
being bitten by John?
What was
being done by John?
Who was
Mary being bitten by?
Who was
being bitten by John?
|
7) Past perfect
Aktif
John had
bitten Mary
John
hadn’t bitten Mary
Had John
bitten Mary?
What had
John done?
Who had
bitten Mary?
Who had
John bitten?
|
Pasif
Mary had
been bitten by John
Mary
hadn’t been bitten by John
Had Mary
been bitten by John?
What had
been done by John?
Who had
Mary been bitten by?
Who had
been bitten by John?
|
Past perfect continuous
Aktif
John had
been biting Mary
John
hadn’t been biting Mary
Had John
been biting Mary?
What had
John been doing?
Who had
been biting Mary?
Who had
John been biting?
|
Pasif
Mary had
been being bitten by John
Mary
hadn’t been being bitten by John
Had Mary
been being bitten by John?
What had
been being done by John?
Who had
Mary been being bitten by?
Who had
been being bitten by John?
|
9) Future
Aktif
John
will bite Mary
John
won’t bite Mary
Will
John bite Mary?
What
will John do?
Who will
bite Mary?
Who will
John bite?
|
Pasif
Mary
will be bitten by John
Mary
won’t be bitten by John
Will
Mary be bitten by John?
What
will be done by John?
Who will
Mary be bitten by?
Who will
be bitten by John?
|
10) Future continuous
Aktif
John
will be biting Mary
John
won’t be biting Mary
Will
John be biting Mary?
What
will John be doing?
Who will
be biting Mary?
Who will
John be biting?
|
Pasif
Mary
will be being bitten by John
Mary won’t
be being bitten by John
Will
Mary be being bitten by John?
What
will be being done by John?
Who will
Mary be being bitten by?
Who will
be being bitten by John?
|
11) Future perfect
Aktif
John
will have bitten Mary
John
won’t have bitten Mary
Will
John have bitten Mary?
What
will John have done?
Who will
have bitten Mary?
Who will
John have bitten?
|
Pasif
Mary
will have been bitten by John
Mary
won’t have been bitten by John
Will
Mary have been bitten by John?
What
will have been done by John?
Who will
Mary have been bitten by?
Who will
have been bitten by John?
|
12) Future perfect continuous
Aktif
John
will have been biting Mary
John
won’t have been biting Mary
Will
John have been biting Mary?
What
will John have been doing?
Who will
have been biting Mary?
Who will
John have been biting?
|
Pasif
Mary
will have been being bitten by John
Mary
won’t have been being bitten by John
Will
Mary have been being bitten by John?
What
will have been being done by John?
Who will
Mary have been being bitten by?
Who will
have been being bitten by John?
|
Kata-kata kerja transitif kadang-kadang mempunyai arti pasif
walaupun bentuk kalimatnya adalah aktif :
a) Dengan komplemen
Sugar tastes sweet (pasif: sugar is sweet when it is tasted).
Gula manis rasanya (gula manis bila
dirasakan)
b) Tanpa komplemen
The books is printing (pasif: the book is being printed). Buku
itu sedang dicetak
The cows are milking (pasif: the cows are being milked).
Sapi-sapi itu sedang diperah
Kesimpulan :
TENSES
|
ACTIVE
|
PASSIVE
|
|||||
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present
Perfect
Past
Tense
Past
Continuous
Simple
Future
Be going
to
Past
perfect
Future
perfect
|
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
|
Helps
is
helping
has
helped
helped
was
helping
will
help
is
going to help
had
helped
will
have helped
|
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
|
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
|
is helped
is
being helped
has
been helped
was
helped
was
being helped
will
be helped
is
going to be helped
had
been helped
will
have been helped
|
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
|
|
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Fb Ryvan Noer Setyoe TheAnimenian
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